Calculated Mean Content Values

Units Average Min Max Standard Deviation
mg/100 g FW 26.74 0.48 47.00 20.02
mol/100 g 9.34e-05 1.68e-06 1.64e-04 6.99e-05

Values calculated by aggregating data from 5 different samples from 4 unique publications.

Aglycone Mean Content Values

Aglycone Units Average Min Max Standard Deviation
Kaempferol mg/100 g FW 26.74 0.48 47.00 20.02
mol/100 g 9.34e-05 1.68e-06 1.64e-04 6.99e-05

Original Content Values Used to Produce Means

Justesen, U.;Knuthsen, P.;Leth, T. (1998) Quantitative analysis of flavonols, flavones, and flavanones in fruits, vegetables and beverages by high-performance liquid chromatography with photo-diode array and mass spectrometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A 799:101-10 PubMed (9550103)
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
47.00 mg/100 g FW Kale yes 4
Hertog, M. Hollman, P. Katan, M (1992) Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of 28 vegetables and 9 fruits commonly consumed in the Netherland. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40:2379-2383
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
21.10 mg/100 g FW Kale - Brassica oleracea L. cv. Acephala DC - Dec 1991 yes 1
Bilyk, A., Sapers, G.M. (1985) Distribution of quercetin and kaempferol in lettuce, kale, chive, garlic chive, leek, horseradish, red radish, and red cabbage tissues. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 33:226-228
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
3.00 mg/100 g FW Kale - Dwarf Siberian - Whole no 1
1.30 mg/100 g FW Kale - Vates Blue Curled Dwarf - Whole no 1
Lugasi A., Hovari J. (2000) Flavonoid aglycons in foods of plant origin I. Vegetables. Acta Alimentaria 29:345-352
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.48 mg/100 g FW Kale - Local market - Edible parts yes 1