Calculated Mean Content Values

Units Average Min Max Standard Deviation
mg/100 g FW 4.85e-03 1.30e-03 8.00e-03 2.74e-03
mol/100 g 1.33e-08 3.56e-09 2.19e-08 7.51e-09

Values calculated by aggregating data from 4 different samples from 4 unique publications.

Aglycone Mean Content Values

Aglycone Units Average Min Max Standard Deviation
Secoisolariciresinol mg/100 g FW 4.85e-03 1.30e-03 8.00e-03 2.74e-03
mol/100 g 1.33e-08 3.56e-09 2.19e-08 7.51e-09

Original Content Values Used to Produce Means

Kuhnle G.G.C., Dell'Aquila C., Aspinall S.M., Runswick S.A., Joosen A.M.C.P., Mulligan A.A., Bingham S.A. (2009) Phytoestrogen content of fruits and vegetables commonly consumed in the UK based on LC-MS and 13C-labelled standards. Food Chemistry 116:542-54
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
5.00e-03 mg/100 g FW Spinach no 5
Thompson L.U., Boucher B.A., Liu Z., Cotterchio M., Kreiger N. (2006) Phytoestrogen content of foods consumed in Canada, including isoflavones, lignans, and coumestan. Nutrition and Cancer 54:184-201 PubMed (16898863)
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
1.30e-03 mg/100 g FW Spinach, raw yes 1
Penalvo J.L., Adlercreutz H., Uehara M., Ristimaki A., Watanabe S. (2008) Lignan content of selected foods from Japan. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56:401-09 PubMed (18163563)
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
8.00e-03 mg/100 g FW Spinach, raw no 1
Kuhnle G.G.C., Dell'Aquila C., Aspinall S.M., Low Y.-L., Kussmaul M., Bingham S.A. (2007) Extraction and quantification of phytoestrogens in foods using automated solid-phase extraction and LC/MS/MS. Analytical Chemistry 79:9234-9239 PubMed (17975893)
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
4.50e-03 mg/100 g FW Spinach, raw no 1