Calculated Mean Content Values

Units Average Min Max Standard Deviation
mg/100 ml 0.55 0.00 4.00 0.54
mol/100 ml 3.33e-06 0.00 2.44e-05 3.27e-06

Values calculated by aggregating data from 136 different samples from 16 unique publications.

Aglycone Mean Content Values

Aglycone Units Average Min Max Standard Deviation
p-Coumaric acid mg/100 ml 0.55 0.00 4.00 0.54
mol/100 ml 3.33e-06 0.00 2.44e-05 3.27e-06

Original Content Values Used to Produce Means

Burns J., Gardner P.T., O'Neil J., Crawford S., Morecroft I., McPhail D.B., Lister C., Matthews D., MacLean M.R., Lean M.E., Duthie G.G., Crozier A. (2000) Relationship among antioxidant activity, vasodilation capacity, and phenolic content of red wines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48:220-30 PubMed (10691619)
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.39 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Chilean Cabernet Sauvignon" - LontuĂ©, Chile - Cabernet Sauvignon - 1997 yes 1
2.16 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Californian oak-aged Cabernet Sauvignon" - California - Cabernet Sauvignon - 1995 yes 1
1.89 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Young Vatted Cabernet Sauvignon" - Sliven, Bulgaria - Cabernet Sauvignon - 1996 yes 1
1.17 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Bulgarian maturated Cab. Sauvignon" - Svischtov, Bulgaria - Cabernet Sauvignon - 1992 yes 1
0.53 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Cono Sur Pinot Noir 20 barrels" - Rapel Valley, Chile - Pinot Noir - 1995 yes 1
0.55 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Fetzer Santa Barbara" - California - Pinot Noir - 1994 yes 1
0.51 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Domaine Rossignol Trapet, Gevrey Chambertin" - Burgundy, France - Pinot Noir - 1995 yes 1
0.24 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Villa Montes oak-aged Merlot" - Curico, Chile - Pinot Noir - 1994 yes 1
0.26 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Merlot" - Languedoc, France - Pinot Noir - 1996 yes 1
0.38 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Cosme Palacio y Hermanos Rioja" - Rioja, Spain - Tempranillo - 1995 yes 1
0.55 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Vina Albani Tempranillo" - Valdepenas, Spain - Tempranillo - 1996 yes 1
0.89 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Fetzer Vineyards Zinfandel" - California - Zinfandel - 1995 yes 1
0.43 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Beaujolais" - Beaujolais, France - Gamay - 1996 yes 1
3.45 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Domaine Roche Vue, Minervois" - Aude, France - Carignon - 1995 yes 1
1.22 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Valpolicella" - Veneto, Italy - Corvina, Molinara - 1996 yes 1
0.35 mg/100 ml Red wine - "Chianti Classico" - Tuscany, Italy - Sangiovese, Trebbiano - 1995 yes 1
Ribeiro de Lima M.T., Cabanis J.C. (1998) The phenolic acid content of different varieties and vintages of wines in Continental Portugal and the Azores Islands. Bulletin OIV 71:1013-1027
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.54 mg/100 ml Red wines - Portugal yes 23
Gambelli L., Santaroni G.P. (2004) Polyphenols content in some Italian red wines of different geographical origins. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 17:613-618
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.08 mg/100 ml Southern Italian red wine - Puglia region - Montepulciano/Troia 2000 yes 1
0.32 mg/100 ml Southern Italian red wine - Puglia region - Montepulciano 1999 yes 1
1.07 mg/100 ml Southern Italian red wine - Puglia region - Montepulciano/Troia 1998 yes 1
0.69 mg/100 ml Southern Italian red wine - Puglia region - Troia 1998 yes 1
0.48 mg/100 ml Southern Italian red wine - Puglia region - Primitivo/Tarantino 1999 yes 1
0.93 mg/100 ml Southern Italian red wine - Puglia region - Montepulciano 1998 yes 1
0.33 mg/100 ml Southern Italian red wine - Molise region - Montepulciano 2000 yes 1
0.71 mg/100 ml Southern Italian red wine - Molise region - Montepulciano/Aglianico 1999 yes 1
0.86 mg/100 ml Southern Italian red wine - Molise region - Montepulciano/Aglianico 1999 yes 1
0.41 mg/100 ml Southern Italian red wine - Molise region - Aglianico 1997 yes 1
0.30 mg/100 ml Red wine - Cabernet-Sauvignon Friuli 1999 yes 1
1.45 mg/100 ml Red wine - Montepulciano A 1999 yes 1
1.05 mg/100 ml Red wine - Montepulciano 1999 yes 1
0.56 mg/100 ml Red wine - Aglianico 1998 yes 1
0.70 mg/100 ml Red wine - Cabernet-Sauvignon Chile 1997 yes 1
0.48 mg/100 ml Red wine - Troia 1995 yes 1
0.85 mg/100 ml Red wine - Cabernet-Sauvignon California 1994 yes 1
Minussi R.C., Rossi M., Bologna L., Cordi L., Rotilio D., Pastore G.M., Duran N. (2003) Phenolic compounds and total antioxidant potential of commercial wines. Food Chemistry 82:409-416 PubMed (24334093)
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.23 mg/100 ml Italian red wine 5 - 1998 - Barbera yes 1
0.29 mg/100 ml Italian red wine 6 - 1998 - Montepulciano yes 1
0.10 mg/100 ml Italian red wine 7 - 1996 - Blended yes 1
Robbins R.J., Bean S.R. (2004) Development of a quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection measurement system for phenolic acids. Journal of Chromatography A 1038:97-105 PubMed (15233525)
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.82 mg/100 ml Red wine - Vendor "Sutter Home" - USA - Zinfandel 1999 yes 6
0.36 mg/100 ml Red wine - Vendor "Vendange" - USA - Merlot 2000 yes 3
0.26 mg/100 ml Red wine - Vendor "Gallo" - USA - Merlot 2001 yes 3
0.22 mg/100 ml Red wine - Vendor "Château Montet" - France - Bordeaux 2001 yes 3
Rodriguez-Delgado M.A., Gonzalez-Hernandez G., Conde-Gonzalez J.E., Perez-Trujillo J.P. (2002) Principal component analysis of the polyphenol content in young red wines. Food Chemistry 78:523-532
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.25 mg/100 ml Spanish red wine - South Tenerife Island - Abona - Listan Negro 1999 yes 5
0.27 mg/100 ml Spanish red wine - South Tenerife Island - Valle de Guimar - Listan Negro 1999 yes 9
0.02 mg/100 ml Spanish red wine - North Tenerife Island - Valle de la Orotava - Listan Negro 1999 yes 11
0.23 mg/100 ml Spanish red wine - North Tenerife Island - Tacoronte-Acentejo - Listan Negro 1999 yes 13
0.25 mg/100 ml Spanish red wine - North Tenerife Island - Ycoden Daute Isora - Listan Negro 1999 yes 11
0.27 mg/100 ml Spanish red wine - Lanzarote Island - Listan Negro 1999 yes 6
Rodriguez-Delgado M.A., Malovana S., Perez J.P., Borges T., Montelongo F.J.G. (2001) Separation of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography with absorbance and fluorimetric detection. Journal of Chromatography A 912:249-257 PubMed (11330794)
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.01 mg/100 ml Spanish red wine 1 - Canary Islands yes 1
0.02 mg/100 ml Spanish red wine 2 - Canary Islands yes 1
0.01 mg/100 ml Spanish red wine 3 - Canary Islands yes 1
0.03 mg/100 ml Spanish red wine 4 - Canary Islands yes 1
0.02 mg/100 ml Spanish red wine 5 - Canary Islands yes 1
Teissedre P.L., Landrault N. (2000) Wine phenolics: contribution to dietary intake and bioavailability. Food Research International 33:461-467
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
4.00 mg/100 ml French red wine - Languedoc - Merlot 1998 yes 10
0.40 mg/100 ml French red wine - Languedoc - Cabernet-Sauvignon 1998 yes 10
0.20 mg/100 ml French red wine - Languedoc - Grenache 1998 yes 10
0.40 mg/100 ml French red wine - Languedoc - Syrah 1998 yes 10
0.60 mg/100 ml French red wine - Languedoc - Egiodola 1998 yes 10
Pavia C., Bufo S.A., Scopa A., Scrano L., Guerrieri A., Cataldi T.R.I. (2001) Determination of phenolic compounds of biological interest in some Italian red wines by HPLC-DAD. Advances in Food Sciences 23:100-107
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.00 mg/100 ml Red wine 1 - Italy - Luciana region - D'Angelo producer - Aglianico - 1997 yes 1
0.00 mg/100 ml Red wine 2 - Italy - Luciana region - Martino producer - Aglianico - 1997 yes 1
0.00 mg/100 ml Red wine 3 - Italy - Luciana region - Paternoster producer - Aglianico - 1997 yes 1
0.00 mg/100 ml Red wine 4 - Italy - Luciana region - Portali producer - Aglianico - 1997 yes 1
Kilinc E., Kalkan H. (2003) High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of some phenolic acids of Turkish commercial wines: an electrochemical approach. Journal of Wine Research 14:17-23
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.00 mg/100 ml Red wine 1 - Turkey - Ankara - Carignane - 2000 yes 1
0.00 mg/100 ml Red wine 2 - Turkey - Mersin - Kalecik Karasi - 2000 yes 1
0.19 mg/100 ml Red wine 3 - Turkey - Izmir (Menderes) - Grenache - 2000 yes 1
0.00 mg/100 ml Red wine 4 - Turkey - Izmir (Cesme) - Merlot - 1999 yes 1
0.00 mg/100 ml Red wine 5 - Turkey - Denizli - Calkarasi - 2000 yes 1
0.01 mg/100 ml Red wine 6 - Turkey - Izmir (Cesme) - Carignane - 1999 yes 1
8.00e-04 mg/100 ml Red wine 7 - Turkey - Ankara - Kalecik Karasi - 2000 yes 1
0.02 mg/100 ml Red wine 8 - Turkey - Elazig - Okuzgozu/Bogazkere - 1998 yes 1
0.13 mg/100 ml Red wine 9 - Turkey - Denizli - Cabernet Sauvignon - 1998 yes 1
0.03 mg/100 ml Red wine 10 - Turkey - Denizli - Carignane - 2000 yes 1
0.05 mg/100 ml Red wine 11 - Turkey - Diyarbakir - Okuzgozu - 1999 yes 1
0.05 mg/100 ml Red wine 12 - Turkey - Denizli - Horozkarasi - 1999 yes 1
0.01 mg/100 ml Red wine 13 - Turkey - Izmir and Elazig - Okuzgozu/Bogazkere/Carignane - 2000 yes 1
Goldberg D.M., Tsang E., Karumanchiri A., Soleas G.J. (1998) Quercetin and p-coumaric acid concentrations in commercial wines. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 49:142-151
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.61 mg/100 ml Red wine - Australia - Shiraz yes 17
0.18 mg/100 ml Red wine - Australia - Pinot Noir yes 4
0.60 mg/100 ml Red wine - Bordeaux - Medoc yes 17
0.63 mg/100 ml Red wine - Bordeaux - Libourne yes 13
0.59 mg/100 ml Red wine - Bordeaux - Others yes 6
0.47 mg/100 ml Red wine - California - Cabernet Sauvignon yes 25
0.62 mg/100 ml Red wine - California - Merlot yes 9
0.38 mg/100 ml Red wine - California - Zinfandel yes 30
0.42 mg/100 ml Red wine - California - Pinot Noir yes 10
0.46 mg/100 ml Red wine - California - Shiraz yes 6
0.31 mg/100 ml Red wine - Canada - Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot yes 18
0.33 mg/100 ml Red wine - Canada - Merlot yes 5
0.23 mg/100 ml Red wine - Canada - Cabernet Sauvignon yes 4
0.19 mg/100 ml Red wine - Canada - Pinot Noir yes 7
0.25 mg/100 ml Red wine - Canada - Gamay yes 6
0.32 mg/100 ml Red wine - Beaujolais - 94 vintage yes 18
0.32 mg/100 ml Red wine - Beaujolais - 95 vintage yes 8
0.24 mg/100 ml Red wine - Burgundy - Beaune yes 14
0.16 mg/100 ml Red wine - Burgundy - Nuits yes 12
0.19 mg/100 ml Red wine - Burgundy - 93 vintage yes 12
0.24 mg/100 ml Red wine - Burgundy - <92 vintage yes 8
0.24 mg/100 ml Red wine - Burgundy - >93 vintage yes 8
0.46 mg/100 ml Red wine - Central Europe - Cabernet Sauvignon yes 4
0.21 mg/100 ml Red wine - Italy - Piedmont yes 21
0.19 mg/100 ml Red wine - Italy - Tuscany yes 11
0.24 mg/100 ml Red wine - Italy - Veneto yes 26
0.11 mg/100 ml Red wine - Italy - Merlot yes 4
0.29 mg/100 ml Red wine - Midi & Provence - Merlot yes 5
0.58 mg/100 ml Red wine - Midi & Provence - Shiraz yes 5
0.41 mg/100 ml Red wine - Midi & Provence - Others yes 26
0.29 mg/100 ml Red wine - Pacific North-West - Pinot Noir 1992 yes 4
0.22 mg/100 ml Red wine - Pacific North-West - Pinot Noir 1993 yes 14
0.25 mg/100 ml Red wine - Pacific North-West - Pinot Noir 1994 yes 8
0.52 mg/100 ml Red wine - Pacific North-West - Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot yes 14
0.48 mg/100 ml Red wine - Pacific North-West - Merlot yes 5
0.67 mg/100 ml Red wine - Pacific North-West - Cabernet Sauvignon yes 5
0.42 mg/100 ml Red wine - Portugal yes 34
0.42 mg/100 ml Red wine - Spain - Rioja yes 11
0.43 mg/100 ml Red wine - Spain - Others yes 12
0.64 mg/100 ml Red wine - South Africa - Cabernet-Sauvignon - Merlot yes 8
0.64 mg/100 ml Red wine - South Africa - Merlot yes 7
0.48 mg/100 ml Red wine - South Africa - Cabernet-Sauvignon yes 10
0.39 mg/100 ml Red wine - South Africa - Pinotage yes 10
0.61 mg/100 ml Red wine - South Africa - Shiraz yes 7
0.26 mg/100 ml Red wine - South Africa - Pinot Noir yes 4
0.56 mg/100 ml Red wine - Rhone Valley - North yes 13
0.49 mg/100 ml Red wine - Rhone Valley - South yes 11
0.42 mg/100 ml Red wine - South America - Cabernet Sauvignon yes 23
0.45 mg/100 ml Red wine - South America - Merlot yes 17
0.47 mg/100 ml Red wine - South America - Malbec yes 5
0.47 mg/100 ml Red wine - Australia - Cabernet Sauvignon yes 14
Rossouw M., Marais J. (2004) The phenolic composition of South African Pinotage, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon wines. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture 25:94-104
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.93 mg/100 ml Red wine - South African - Shiraz yes 76
1.14 mg/100 ml Red wine - South African - Pinotage yes 100
0.73 mg/100 ml Red wine - South African - Cabernet Sauvignon yes 84
Tinttunen S., Lehtonen P. (2001) Distinguishing organic wines from normal wines on the basis of concentrations of phenolic compounds and spectral data. European Food Research and Technology 212:390-394
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.00 mg/100 ml Red wine - Burgundy - Organic yes 6
0.03 mg/100 ml Red wine - Burgundy - Normal yes 8
La Torre G.L., Saitta M., Vilasi F., Pellicano T., Dugo G. (2006) Direct determination of phenolic compounds in Sicilian wines by liquid chromatography with PDA and MS detection. Food Chemistry 94:640-650
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.03 mg/100 ml Red wine - Nero d'Avola - Sicile - 2002 yes 11
0.07 mg/100 ml Red wine - Merlot - Sicile - 2002 yes 5
0.15 mg/100 ml Red wine - Cabernet, Syrah, Petit-Verdot - Sicile - 2002 yes 6
Jandera P., Skerikova V., Rehova L., Hajek T., Baldrianova L., Skopova G., Kellner V., Horna A. (2005) RP-HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in beverages and plant extracts using a CoulArray detector. Journal of Separation Science 28:1005-1022 PubMed (16013828)
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.82 mg/100 ml Red wine - St Lawrence 2002 - Moravian - Czech Republic yes 1
0.79 mg/100 ml Red wine - Ruland Blue 2002 - Moravian - Czech Republic yes 1
Hernandez-Borges J., Borges-Miquel T., Gonzalez-Hernandez G., Rodriguez-Delgado M.A. (2005) Rapid separation of antioxidants in food samples by coelectroosmotic CE. Chromatographia 62:271-276
Original Content Value Original Food Description Commercial Origin # of Samples Analyzed
0.02 mg/100 ml Red wine yes 1