Gonthier M.P., Verny M.A., Besson C., Remesy C., Scalbert A. (2003) Chlorogenic acid bioavailability largely depends on its metabolism by the gut microflora in rats. J Nutr 133:1853-9 PubMed (12771329)

Urine analysed after enzymatic deconjugation

Cumulative Excretion in Urine (µmol)
Number Dose Multiple Dose Duration Time (days) Metabolite
0 1 2 3 6 8
1 250 µmol/day 8 days 0 3.5 6.5 8.9 14.1 16.1
5-Caffeoylquinic acid
2 250 µmol/day 8 days 0 0.4 0.72 1.02 1.87 2.28
Caffeic acid
3 250 µmol/day 8 days 0 0.1 0.22 0.35 0.54 0.64
Isoferulic acid
4 250 µmol/day 8 days 0 0.5 0.93 1.34 2.14 2.63
Ferulic acid
5 250 µmol/day 8 days 0 5 15 22 26 26
m-Coumaric acid
6 250 µmol/day 8 days 0 45 195 335 610 775
Hippuric acid
7 250 µmol/day 8 days 0 65 155 222.5 307.5 347.5
3-Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid
8 250 µmol/day 8 days 0 0.25 1 2 2.75 2.9
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid
9 250 µmol/day 8 days 0 1.7 2.3 2.55 3.2 3.45
Dihydrocaffeic acid
10 250 µmol/day 8 days 0 0.95 2.25 3.25 4.6 5.25
3-Hydroxyhippuric acid
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