Stalmach A., Mullen W., Barron D., Uchida K., Yokota T., Cavin C., Steiling H., Williamson G., Crozier A. (2009) Metabolite profiling of hydroxycinnamate derivatives in plasma and urine after the ingestion of coffee by humans: identification of biomarkers of coffee consumption. Drug Metab Dispos 37:1749-58 PubMed (19460943)

Plasma and Urine analysed without enzymatic deconjugation

Plasma Concentration (nmol/L)
Number Dose Multiple Dose Duration Time (hours) Metabolite
0 0.5 1 3 6 24
1 200 mL Single Dose 0 0.5 8 50 130 0
Dihydroferulic acid 4-sulfate
2 200 mL Single Dose 0 40 35 155 300 0
Dihydrocaffeic acid 3-sulfate
3 200 mL Single Dose 0 80 75 40 25 0
Caffeic acid 3-sulfate
4 200 mL Single Dose 0 0 0 12 32 0
Dihydrocaffeic acid
5 200 mL Single Dose 0 75 50 30 35 0
Ferulic acid 4-sulfate
6 200 mL Single Dose 0 0 0 180 300 0
Dihydroferulic acid
7 200 mL Single Dose 0 15 14 3 2 0
3-Feruloylquinic acid
8 200 mL Single Dose 0 11 12 3 0 0
4-Feruloylquinic acid
9 200 mL Single Dose 0 5 5 0.5 0 0
5-Feruloylquinic acid
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Cumulative Excretion in Urine (µmol)
Number Dose Multiple Dose Duration Time (hours) Metabolite
0 2 5 8 24
1 200 mL Single Dose 0 0 0 0.4 0.7
Dihydrocaffeic acid 3-O-glucuronide
2 200 mL Single Dose 0 0.4 1.3 8.3 12.4
Dihydroferulic acid 4-sulfate
3 200 mL Single Dose 0 0.3 0.8 5.1 8.4
Dihydroferulic acid 4-O-glucuronide
4 200 mL Single Dose 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Isoferulic acid 3-sulfate
5 200 mL Single Dose 0 1.2 1.9 3.4 4.8
Isoferulic acid 3-O-glucuronide
6 200 mL Single Dose 0 1.2 4.6 24.8 37.1
Dihydrocaffeic acid 3-sulfate
7 200 mL Single Dose 0 1.3 3.7 14 20.7
Feruloylglycine
8 200 mL Single Dose 0 1.8 3.1 4.8 6.4
Caffeic acid 3-sulfate
9 200 mL Single Dose 0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6
Caffeic acid 4-sulfate
10 200 mL Single Dose 0 1.8 2.9 6 11.1
Ferulic acid 4-sulfate
11 200 mL Single Dose 0 0.2 0.7 6.8 9.7
Dihydroferulic acid
12 200 mL Single Dose 0 0.7 1 1.2 1.2
3-Feruloylquinic acid
13 200 mL Single Dose 0 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.1
4-Feruloylquinic acid
14 200 mL Single Dose 0 0.5 0.7 0.9 1
5-Feruloylquinic acid
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