Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
human studies
high-isoflavone burger Food administered
1 burger/day 17 days 22 105 nmol/day after 17 days ROWLAND 2000
low-isoflavone burger Food administered
1 burger/day 17 days 21 86 nmol/day after 17 days ROWLAND 2000
processed flaxseed incorporated into bread Food administered
Generic food
25 g 7 days 9 2.52 µmol/24h after 7 days NESBITT 1999
processed flaxseed incorporated into muffin Food administered
Generic food
25 g 7 days 9 2.5 µmol/24h after 7 days NESBITT 1999
raw ground flaxseed Food administered
Generic food
5 g Single dose 9 0.22 µmol/24h after 7 days NESBITT 1999
raw ground flaxseed Food administered
Generic food
15 g 7 days 9 0.87 µmol/24h after 7 days NESBITT 1999
raw ground flaxseed Food administered
Generic food
25 g 8 days 9 1.95 µmol/24h after 7 days NESBITT 1999
rat studies
3H-secoisolariciresinol diglycoside Not applicable 3.7 kBq/g bw Single dose 12 14 RICKARD 2000
7-hydroxymatairesinol Not applicable 25 mg/kg bw Single dose 11 51.3 nmol after 24 hours SMEDS 2004
7-hydroxymatairesinol Not applicable 25 mg/kg bw 10 days 11 111 nmol after 24 hours SMEDS 2004
enterolactone Not applicable 25 mg/kg bw Single dose 6 1.65 µg after 24 hours SAARINEN 2002
lariciresinol Not applicable 25 mg/kg bw 10 days 7 18.5 nmol after 24 hours SMEDS 2004
lariciresinol Not applicable 25 mg/kg bw Single dose 11 13.9 nmol after 24 hours SMEDS 2004
secoisolariciresinol Not applicable 25 mg/kg bw Single dose 6 6.31 µg after 24 hours SAARINEN 2002
secoisolariciresinol diglycoside Not applicable 1.5 mg/day 10 days 12 16 RICKARD 2000