Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
human studies
alpha-rhamnosidase treated orange juice Food administered
0 Single dose 16 8 µmol/L after 2.5 hours BREDSDORFF 2010
hesperidin-fortified orange juice Food administered
0 Single dose 16 7 µmol/L after 7.5 hours BREDSDORFF 2010
orange juice Food administered
Generic food
0 Single dose 16 1 µmol/L after 7.5 hours BREDSDORFF 2010