Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
human studies
alpha-rhamnosidase treated orange juice Food administered
0 Single dose 16 12 µmol/L after 2.5 hours BREDSDORFF 2010
fresh orange segments Food administered
Generic food
150 g Single dose 20 Detected (unquantified) Detected (unquantified) BRETT 2009
hesperidin-fortified orange juice Food administered
0 Single dose 16 5 µmol/L after 7.5 hours BREDSDORFF 2010
orange juice Food administered
Generic food
0 Single dose 16 2 µmol/L after 7.5 hours BREDSDORFF 2010
orange juice Generic food 300 g Single dose 129 Detected (unquantified) BRETT 2009
orange juice Generic food 300 g Single dose 20 Detected (unquantified) Detected (unquantified) BRETT 2009
polyphenol-rich beverage Food administered
350 mL Single dose 10 Graph BORGES 2010
polyphenol-rich juice drink Food administered
350 mL Single dose 10 Detected (unquantified) MULLEN 2010
rat studies
hesperidin Not applicable 50 mg/kg bw Single dose 5 Detected (unquantified) Graph MATSUMOTO 2004