Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
human studies
alpha-rhamnosidase treated orange juice Food administered
0 Single dose 16 1.8 µmol/L after 2.5 hours BREDSDORFF 2010
fresh orange segments Food administered
Generic food
150 g Single dose 20 Detected (unquantified) Detected (unquantified) BRETT 2009
grapefruit juice Food administered
900 mL Single dose 1 Detected (unquantified) DAVIS 2006
hesperidin-fortified orange juice Food administered
0 Single dose 16 0.2 µmol/L after 7.5 hours BREDSDORFF 2010
orange juice Food administered
Generic food
0 Single dose 16 0.2 µmol/L after 7.5 hours BREDSDORFF 2010
orange juice Generic food 300 g Single dose 129 Detected (unquantified) BRETT 2009
orange juice Generic food 300 g Single dose 20 Detected (unquantified) Detected (unquantified) BRETT 2009
orange juice fortified with hesperidin Not applicable 250 mL Single dose 8 8.5 Graph Detected (unquantified) MULLEN 2008_01
orange juice fortified with hesperidin with 150 mL natural yoghurt Not applicable 250 mL Single dose 8 6.6 Graph Detected (unquantified) MULLEN 2008_01
rat studies
naringenin Not applicable 50 mg/kg bw Single dose 6 Detected (unquantified) EL MOHSEN 2004