Showing experiments where Equol has been detected in biofluids Metabolism

  Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
human studies
capsule with soy extract Not applicable 2 capsules/day 2 days 6 Detected (unquantified) KULLING 2001
daidzein capsule Not applicable 1 capsule Single dose 7 7.63 µmol after 24 hours 24 0.36 2.5 7.7 Graph RUFER 2008
daidzein-7-O-glucoside capsule Not applicable 1 capsule Single dose 7 4.97 µmol after 24 hours 12 0.07 6.9 0.9 Graph RUFER 2008
enzyme-treated soy milk Food administered
 100 mL Single dose 5 Detected (unquantified) KANO 2006
fermented soy milk Food administered
 100 mL Single dose 5 Detected (unquantified) KANO 2006
flaxseed powder Generic food 10 g/day 90 days 18 10.08 µmol after 90 days LAMPE 1994
high-isoflavone burger Food administered
 1 burger/day 17 days 23 3995 nmol/day after 17 days 76 nmol/L after 17 days ROWLAND 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 0.11 mg/day 9 days 12 117 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 1 mg/day 9 days 12 270 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 2 mg/day 93 days 18 1097 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 0.11 mg/day 93 days 18 354 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 1 mg/day 93 days 18 735 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 2 mg/day 9 days 12 438 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
kinako (baked soybean powder) Food administered
 60 g Single dose 2 7 7.6 µmol after 72 hours Graph WATANABE 1998
linseed Generic food 25 g/day 6 weeks 4 MORTON 1994
low-isoflavone burger Food administered
 1 burger/day 17 days 21 43 nmol/day after 17 days 2 nmol/L after 17 days ROWLAND 2000
red clover based dietary supplements Food administered
 0 4 days 7 Detected (unquantified) HEINONEN 2004_01
red clover seeds Not applicable 10 g/day 6 weeks 4 MORTON 1994
SE5-OH equol supplement Not applicable 6 tablets Single dose 24 81 1.01 20.46 8.2 25299 Graph SETCHELL 2009_02
SE5-OH equol supplement Not applicable 6 tablets Single dose 24 82.2 24.6 mg after 48 hours SETCHELL 2009_02
soy bars Food administered
 3 bars/day 14 days 6 Detected (unquantified) HEINONEN 1999
soy bars Food administered
 3 bars/day 2 weeks 6 Detected (unquantified) HEINONEN 2003
soy milk Food administered
Generic food 		100 mL Single dose 5 Detected (unquantified) KANO 2006
soy milk Food administered
Generic food 		750 mL/day 5 days 4 154.96 µmol/24h after 5 days 590.93 nmol/L after 5 days BOLCA 2010
soy protein Food administered
 50 g Single dose 1 24 1740 ng/mL after 24 hours MOORS 2007
soy supplements Food administered
Generic food 		3 supplements/day 5 days 3 287.6 µmol/24h after 5 days 900.52 nmol/L after 5 days BOLCA 2010
soya flour Food administered
Generic food 		40 g/day 2 days 12 Detected (unquantified) JOANNOU 1995
soybean pieces Food administered
Generic food 		125 g/day 9 days 17 3969 nmol after 9 days HUTCHINS 1995_01
steam-treated soya flour Generic food 45 g/day 6 weeks 23 MORTON 1994
tempeh Food administered
Generic food 		112 g/day 9 days 17 6462 nmol after 9 days HUTCHINS 1995_01
rat studies
corn oil (control) Not applicable 1 mL Single dose 2 Detected (unquantified) NIEMEYER 2000
enterodiol in corn oil Not applicable 2 mg Single dose 2 Detected (unquantified) NIEMEYER 2000
enterolactone in corn oil Not applicable 2 mg Single dose 2 Detected (unquantified) NIEMEYER 2000
isolated soy protein Food administered
 0 1 days 26 6.5 nmol after 24 hours CIMINO 1999
shredded flaxseed Generic food 5 % of diet 7 days 2 Detected (unquantified) NIEMEYER 2000
soy protein Food administered
 0 0 9 364.94 nmol/mL after 24 hours CHANG 2009
sheep studies
red clover silage Food administered
 12.8 g/kg bw/day 1 months 2 18.28 µmol/L after 1 month URPI-SARDA 2008
  Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
rat studies
isolated soy protein Food administered
 0 1 days 26 3.5 nmol after 24 hours CIMINO 1999
kakkalide Not applicable 9 g/day 2 days 48 Detected (unquantified) BAI 2010
puerarin Not applicable 50 mg/kg bw/3 days 12 days 9 Graph Detected (unquantified) PRASAIN 2004
soy protein Food administered
 0 Single dose 5 Detected (unquantified) FANG 2002
soy protein Food administered
 0 0 9 172.83 nmol/mL after 24 hours CHANG 2009