Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
human studies
blood orange juice Food administered
Generic food
150 mL Single dose 7 5.3 0.14 1.1 195.5 Graph GARDANA 2007_02
flavanone extract diluted in water Generic food 400 mL Single dose 10 8.9 28.3 µmol after 48 hours 6.3 1.48 4145.1 VALLEJO 2010
flavanone extract-enriched orange juice Generic food 400 mL Single dose 10 4.6 30.8 µmol after 48 hours 7.3 1.15 4434.4 VALLEJO 2010
fresh orange segments Food administered
Generic food
150 g Single dose 20 4.53 7 0.09 376 Graph BRETT 2009
green tea extract Food administered
0.3 g Single dose 9 0.5 µmol after 24 hours ITO 2005
juice mix Not applicable 6.3 mL/kg bw Single dose 10 14.2 Graph 4.9 0.18 2.13 Graph ISHII 2000
orange juice Food administered
550 g Single dose 9 16.6 µmol after 12 hours ITO 2005
orange juice Generic food 400 mL Single dose 10 1.7 5.7 µmol after 48 hours 6.4 0.36 945.6 VALLEJO 2010
orange juice Generic food 5 mL/kg bw Single dose 16 4.06 7 0.48 1.16 Graph NIELSEN 2006
orange juice Generic food 400 mL Single dose 10 5.4 9 µmol after 48 hours VALLEJO 2010
orange juice Generic food 300 g Single dose 129 3.9 BRETT 2009
orange juice Generic food 300 g Single dose 20 4.63 6.2 0.1 346 Graph BRETT 2009
orange juice Not applicable 236 mL/day 22 days 13 Graph Graph FRANKE 2005
orange juice fortified with hesperidin Food administered
5 mL/kg bw Single dose 16 8.9 7.4 1.05 4.16 Graph NIELSEN 2006
orange juice treated with hesperidinase Food administered
5 mL/kg bw Single dose 16 14.4 0.6 2.6 3.45 Graph NIELSEN 2006
pulp-enriched orange juice Generic food 400 mL Single dose 10 4.7 4.7 µmol after 48 hours 6 0.15 503.6 VALLEJO 2010
rat studies
eriocitrin Not applicable 75 µmol/kg bw Single dose 5 50 ng/mL after 4 hours MIYAKE 2000
eriocitrin Not applicable 50 µmol/kg bw Single dose 4 20 µg after 24 hours MIYAKE 2000
hesperidin Not applicable 50 mg/kg bw Single dose 5 Graph MATSUMOTO 2004
naringin Not applicable 0.5 % of diet 7 days 6 47 nmol after 24 hours 0.23 µmol/L after 24 hours SILBERBERG 2006
pig studies
extract of unfermented Cyclopia genistoides Not applicable 75 g/day 11 days 3 Detected (unquantified) BOCK 2008
  Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
rat studies
eriocitrin Not applicable 50 µmol/kg bw Single dose 4 25 µg after 24 hours MIYAKE 2000