Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
human studies
capsule with soy extract Not applicable 2 capsules/day 2 days 6 Detected (unquantified) KULLING 2001
enzyme-treated soy milk Food administered
100 mL Single dose 12 Graph 1 0.08 0.42 Graph KANO 2006
fermented soy milk Food administered
100 mL Single dose 12 Graph 1 0.07 0.45 Graph KANO 2006
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 0.11 mg/day 9 days 12 262 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 1 mg/day 9 days 12 1419 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 2 mg/day 93 days 18 3674 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 0.11 mg/day 93 days 18 425 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 1 mg/day 93 days 18 1739 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 2 mg/day 9 days 12 2510 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
ready-to-drink soy protein beverage Food administered
342 mL Single dose 3 1.21 nmol/mL after 24 hours CHANG 2009
red clover based dietary supplements Food administered
0 4 days 7 Detected (unquantified) HEINONEN 2004_01
soy bars Food administered
3 bars/day 14 days 6 Detected (unquantified) HEINONEN 2004_02
soy bars Food administered
3 bars/day 14 days 6 Detected (unquantified) HEINONEN 1999
soy bars Food administered
3 bars/day 2 weeks 6 Detected (unquantified) HEINONEN 2003
soy food ingredient powder Food administered
101.6 g Single dose 1 1.5 nmol after 24 hours CIMINO 1999
soy milk Food administered
Generic food
100 mL Single dose 12 Graph 5.7 0.09 0.68 Graph KANO 2006
soya flour Food administered
Generic food
40 g/day 2 days 12 Detected (unquantified) JOANNOU 1995
soya-based nutrition tablets Not applicable 0 7 days 8 1000 ng/mL after 7 days CHEN 2007
rat studies
isolated soy protein Food administered
0 1 days 26 5 nmol after 24 hours CIMINO 1999
soy protein Food administered
0 0 9 33.34 nmol/mL after 24 hours CHANG 2009
pig studies
soy protein isolates Food administered
24 % of diet 4 days 2 8.13 nmol/mL after 4 days CHANG 2009
  Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
rat studies
isolated soy protein Food administered
0 1 days 26 2.5 nmol after 24 hours CIMINO 1999
soy protein Food administered
0 Single dose 5 Detected (unquantified) FANG 2002
soy protein Food administered
0 0 9 24.15 nmol/mL after 24 hours CHANG 2009
pig studies
soy protein isolates Food administered
24 % of diet 4 days 2 1.26 nmol/mL after 4 days CHANG 2009