Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
human studies
daidzein capsule Not applicable 1 capsule Single dose 7 9.11 µmol after 24 hours 9.1 0.14 10.9 2.4 Graph RUFER 2008
daidzein-7-O-glucoside capsule Not applicable 1 capsule Single dose 7 31.42 µmol after 24 hours 10 0.75 8.8 29.8 Graph RUFER 2008
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 0.11 mg/day 9 days 12 364 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 1 mg/day 9 days 12 1538 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 2 mg/day 93 days 18 7383 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 0.11 mg/day 93 days 18 1071 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 1 mg/day 93 days 18 4163 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
isoflavones from soy protein powder Not applicable 2 mg/day 9 days 12 2799 nmol after 24 hours XU 2000
red clover based dietary supplements Food administered
0 4 days 7 Detected (unquantified) HEINONEN 2004_01
soy bars Food administered
3 bars/day 14 days 6 Detected (unquantified) HEINONEN 2004_02
soy bars Food administered
3 bars/day 14 days 6 Detected (unquantified) HEINONEN 1999
soy bars Food administered
3 bars/day 2 weeks 6 Detected (unquantified) HEINONEN 2003
soy food ingredient powder Food administered
101.6 g Single dose 1 5.5 nmol after 24 hours CIMINO 1999
soy milk Food administered
Generic food
750 mL/day 5 days 11 12.58 µmol/24h after 5 days 90.08 nmol/L after 5 days BOLCA 2010
soy supplements Food administered
Generic food
3 supplements/day 5 days 10 18.21 µmol/24h after 5 days 146.34 nmol/L after 5 days BOLCA 2010
soya flour Food administered
Generic food
40 g/day 2 days 12 Detected (unquantified) JOANNOU 1995
soya-based nutrition tablets Not applicable 0 7 days 8 Detected (unquantified) CHEN 2007
rat studies
isolated soy protein Food administered
0 1 days 26 1.5 nmol after 24 hours CIMINO 1999
  Urine Plasma  
[polyphenol] source used in experiment Source composition Doses administered Dose duration Total no. subjects Mean urinary excretion (%) Kinetic data Tmax (hours) Mean Cmax (µmol/L) Half life (hours) AUC (µmol/L·h) Kinetic data Reference
human studies
soy food ingredient powder Food administered
101.6 g Single dose 1 Trace amount CIMINO 1999
rat studies
isolated soy protein Food administered
0 1 days 26 1 nmol after 24 hours CIMINO 1999
puerarin Not applicable 50 mg/kg bw/3 days 12 days 9 Graph PRASAIN 2004
soy protein Food administered
0 Single dose 5 Detected (unquantified) FANG 2002